Exploring Sukadana's Medicinal Lexicon: Assessing Knowledge Levels in Malay Plants among School-Age and Adult Populations

: This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge and understanding of the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon, especially among the school-age, early adults, and advanced adults population. The methods used in this research are qualitative and quantitative. Data collection involves observation, interviews, documentary study


Introduction
The problem of endangered regional languages is a current issue in Indonesia.However, around 90% of Indonesia's languages have fewer than 100,000 speakers (Lewis et al., 2013).This is a sign of the endangerment of local languages in Indonesia, as any language with less than 100,000 speakers is at risk of extinction (Krauss, 1992).
Language awareness is an important asset in realizing the function of language, and how to place diverse languages into positions that follow the demands of the times, but still preserve the old culture.This is to keep local languages from becoming extinct due to the presence of official languages and foreign languages that cause the frequency of use of local languages to decrease (Sobarna, 2007).
The existence of a local language or regional language is very close to the existence of the ethnic group that gave birth to and uses the language (Asfar, 2014;Sulissusiawan et al., 2022;Syahrani et al., 2021).Local language is also an element that forms literature, art, culture, and civilization of an ethnic group (Asfar, 2019).Local languages are used in various traditional ceremonies and in daily conversation (Ibrahim, 2011).
Local languages play an important role in Indonesia (Sneddon, 2003).The average local language is the first language or mother tongue that develops in Indonesia (Masinambow, E.K.M. & Haenen, 2002).Therefore, the existence of local languages cannot be separated from the speakers of these local languages.The more the number of speakers who use the local language, the language will survive (Collins, 2022).
The current of globalization does not rule out the possibility of being the cause of the continued decline in the use of local languages, especially in the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon.Borrowing the word of the Sukadana Malay medicinal lexicon is threatened with extinction.This is evidenced by the rampant use of chemical drugs so as to make the lexicon of medicinal plants increasingly unknown, especially among school-age children to adults.In school-age children to adults, the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon is rarely heard.In fact, there are those who do not use the medicinal lexicon in everyday conversation.Therefore, it is necessary to know the level of knowledge and use as a form of mapping in the use of the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon.This mapping will certainly facilitate follow-up in fostering and developing local languages, especially the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon as a form of effort to protect local languages, especially the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon in the Sutera Village community.
Knowledge and use of local languages in school-age children and adults play an important role in the narration of the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon.The lexicon of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants in the lives of its speakers among school-age children now tends not to be accustomed to its use, but instead what is increased is the use of foreign languages or languages outside the local language (Sobarna, 2007).Thus, in adulthood they no longer master or they may not know the lexicon of medicinal plants at all.This is one of the impacts so that the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon is rarely used in Sutera Village.If the people of Sutera Village do not familiarize themselves and increase their knowledge in using the lexicon of medicinal plants, then the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon in Sutera Village will not develop and will even die.
Lexicon is related to linguistics (Effendy, Asfar, et al., 2023;Effendy, Sulissusiawan, et al., 2023).According to (Harimurti, 2009) lexicon is a language component that contains information about the meaning and use of words in a language.The lexicon in this study deals with ecolinguistic concepts because it combines ecology and linguistics (Jupitasari, 2021).Ecolinguistics considers the ecological aspects of the language used by speakers in a society (Fill & Mühlhäusler, 2001).
Knowledge and use of the lexicon of a language is important to know as a form of language attitude of a language speaker.Therefore, the need for mapping knowledge and language use in order to anticipate extinction in local languages.
Research on ecolinguistics lexicon that is relevant to this study has been conducted by (Noviana et al., 2019) who measured students' ecological knowledge by conducting student ecological knowledge pretests and posttests.The results of this study revealed that students' ecological knowledge can be improved through eco-literacy teaching materials.The increase in ecological knowledge of experimental class students who used eco-literacy teaching materials was much higher than control class students who did not use eco-literacy teaching materials in the learning process.
Furthermore, there is also research by (Kik et al., 2021) on the threat of language extinction in Papua which found a rapid decline in students' local language skills compared to their parents.The results of this research predict that there will Another relevant research that also measured community medicinal plant knowledge in the coastal area of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java was conducted by (Agustina et al., 2022).This study explored 32 families of 59 species of medicinal plants consumed for medicinal purposes.The study revealed that people aged 46-55 years had the highest knowledge of medicinal plants.At the same time, women are considered more knowledgeable about medicinal herbs compared to men.
Based on these previous researches, it shows that there is still no research on Malay medicinal plant knowledge in Sukadana.In addition, research based on differences between school-age and adults is very important to understand the process of inheritance of medicinal plant knowledge.Therefore, studies on the knowledge and use of medicinal plant lexicon among two different age groups, namely school-age children and adults, are still very limited.
By comparing the level of knowledge and use of the medicinal plant lexicon in school-aged children and adults, this article offers new insights into how this traditional knowledge and practice develops and changes between two different generations.This information has important implications on how medicinal plant knowledge is transmitted from one generation to another, as well as how interactions with the environment and modern lifestyles can affect medicinal plant knowledge among communities.

Research Method
The methods used in this research are qualitative and quantitative methods.According to (Satori & Komariah, 2017, p. 25) qualitative research is a research approach that reveals certain social situations by describing reality correctly, formed by words based on relevant data collection and analysis techniques and obtained from natural situations.Furthermore, according to (Sugiyono, 2017, p. 7) quantitative research methods are a scientific approach that views a reality as classified, concrete, observable, and measurable, the variable relationship is causal where the research data is in the form of numbers and the analysis uses statistics.
The data collection techniques in this study use the following stages.First, observation Technique.The observation technique is carried out so that researchers have an overview of the condition of the research site and the local community as the object of research (Asfar, 2004).Second, interview technique (Syahrani et al., 2021).This interview technique is used to find out some information related to the knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants.This interview was conducted at the Sukadana Malay community specifically in Sutera Village, North Kayong Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.Third, documentary study technique.According to (Asfar, 2019;Nilamsari, 2014), documentary method is one of the data collection methods used in social research methodology to trace historical data.(Nilamsari, 2014) also stated that documents are records of past events in the form of writings, pictures, or monumental works of a person.The Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary data inventory process will be collected also based on the Sukadana-Indonesian Malay Language Dictionary book.This book has 2563 main lemmas and 976 sub lemmas with 2563 example sentences (Effendy et al., 2015).In addition, there are also several theses on the Sukadana Malay language which are data sources in this documentary study.Fourth, questionnaire technique (Mustadi et al., 2023).This questionnaire technique was carried out to find out the respondents' knowledge and use of the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon.
Respondents in this study must fulfill the following respondent requirements.First, respondents were divided into three age groups by modifying the age classification model of (Kesuma, 2014;Kik et al., 2021) as follows: a) school-age children (14-17 years old) and b) adult age groups, namely early adults (21-45 years) and advanced adults (over 46 years).Second, the number of respondents taken was 5% of the total population.This is in accordance with what Arikunto (in Kesuma, 2014) explained, if the subject is less than 100 people should be taken all, if the subject is large or more than 100 people can be taken 5-10% or 20-25% or more.In this study the number of respondents was 30 people.Data analysis in this research includes three streams of activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing (Milles et al., 2014) 4) Summarizing the results of the research data analysis.

Result and Discussion
The analysis of the level of knowledge and use of school-age to adult speakers of the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon used a questionnaire of 50 medicinal plant vocabularies with answer choice categories, namely (A) knowing and still using the vocabulary, (B) knowing, but not using the vocabulary, and (C) not knowing and not using the vocabulary.Furthermore, this analysis uses respondents with school-age children (14-17 years old) and adult age groups, namely early adults (21-45 years old) and advanced adults (above 46 years old).The following are the results of the analysis of the level of knowledge and use of speakers of schoolage children to adults on the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon.

Knowledge and Usage Levels of School-Age Speakers
The category of school-age children's speakers in this study is respondents aged 14-17 years.Respondents (R) in this study consisted of 10 people with varied ages.The following is a table of the results of analysis of the level of knowledge and use of school-age speakers on the Sukadana Malay medicinal plant lexicon.
Based on the data above, there are variations in the understanding and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants.The number of 50 Malay medicinal plant lexicons above, was answered with varied answers.Based on the average number of respondents' answers, 26% of respondents who knew and still used the vocabulary, 25% of respondents who knew, but did not use the vocabulary, and 49% did not know and did not use the vocabulary.There are 11 types of medicinal plants that are still known and used in daily conversation among respondents with school-age children ( 14 The low level of knowledge and use of some of these plants is because these plants are rarely encountered and are not too close to the daily lives of school-age child respondents, so the level of knowledge and use is very low.These schoolage child respondents are also classified as genes who from birth have been close to technology so that plants that are often used by parents for treatment are rarely known by school-age child speakers.Furthermore, the following table shows the percentage of the level of knowledge and use of school-age children's speakers with the age range (14-17 years).Based on the table above, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary in school-age children's respondents did not reach 50%.In the age range which is only 1-2 years the level of knowledge and use of school-age children respondents varies greatly even at a higher age than others, such as Riski Darmawan who is the highest age (16 years) the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary is the lowest, which is at 14%.Furthermore, Raffa Yazid Lawanya who is a year younger (15 years old), the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary is higher, namely 46%.This shows that the age range based on certain categories does not really determine the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary.

Knowledge and Usage Levels of Early Adult Speakers
The category of early adult speakers in this study is respondents aged 21-45 years and above.
Respondents (R) in this study consisted of 10 people with varied ages.The following.table analyzes the level of knowledge and use of early adult speakers in the Sukadana Malay cultural lexicon.ati, balek adap, barkah, bangkau, bayo, balek angen, bonglai, bujang berani, empaceng, daon tumboh daon, gadong, genderuse, jerangau, jelumpang, kapas antu, kumpang pianggu, sembadam badi, saguk belande, lange, leban, singkel/buas-buas.The low level of knowledge and use of some of these plants is because some of these plants live in forest and mountain areas far from settlements so it is difficult for adult speakers who live in coastal areas to know.Furthermore, the following table analyzes the level of knowledge and use of medicinal plants based on early adult respondents with a range of (21-45) years.
Based on the table above, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary is not always determined by older age factors.This is evidenced by the data above which shows that there are older respondents, but the level of knowledge and use of medicinal plant vocabulary is lower respondents whose age is below that respondent.Like the respondent Sy Indra Agus Salim who is 42 years old, the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary is only 64% compared to the 27-yearold respondent Desi Maryanti who has a level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary 76%.Based on the data above, there are variations in the understanding and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants.The number of 50 lexicons of Malay medicinal plants above, not all are known by the elderly age category.However, based on the average number of respondents' answers, 81.4% of respondents knew and still used the vocabulary, 5.4% knew but did not use the tongue, and 13.4% did not know and did not use the language.There are 41 types of medicinal plants that are still known and used in daily conversation, namely ati-ati, barkah, bawang serati, belimbeng buloh, betek, bonglai, sukon, cangkok manes, cengkeh, cengkodok, daon tumboh daon, gadong, singkel/bebuas/buasbuas, genderuse, inai, jambuk breteh, jambuk mente, jereng, jerangau, jintan itam, kangkong malu, kapulage, kembang semangkok, kemangi, kesom, ketipeng, ketumba, kundo, lange, leban, liak mirah, liak puteh, leletop, majekani, lubak/lobak, saguk belande, nangkak belande, patawali, sumet kuceng, simpo, and sembadam badi.Furthermore, there are 9 types of medicinal plants that are categorized as low in the level of knowledge and use, namely balek adap, bangkau, bayo, balek angen, bujang berani, empaceng, jelumpang, kapas antu, and kumpang pianggu.The low level of knowledge and use of some of these plants is because some live in forest and mountain areas far from settlements, making it difficult to know older adult speakers residing in coastal areas.Furthermore, the following table analyzes the level of knowledge and use of medicinal plants based on respondents aged over 46 years.Based on the table above, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary is not always determined by older age factors.This is evidenced by the data above which shows that there are older respondents, but the level of knowledge and use of medicinal plant vocabulary is lower than respondents whose age is below that respondent.Like respondent Zulliah who is 56 years old, the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary is only 66% compared to respondent Rosdi who is 49 years old who has a level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plant vocabulary of 88%.
Research on the level of knowledge and use of the lexicon of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants in the respondent group of school-age children and adults in Sutera Village produced interesting findings.The study found that older adults (46 years and older) had the highest level of lexicon knowledge and use (81.4%) compared to other age groups.This finding is in line with the results of research (Agustina et al., 2022) which revealed that people aged 46-55 years have the highest knowledge about medicinal plants.
These findings indicate the importance of hereditary transmission of traditional knowledge from elderly adult speakers to school-age children and young adults (Kik et al., 2021).This can be attributed to longer life experiences and more intense engagement with traditional medicine practices in previous generations.Conversely, lower levels of knowledge and use in school-age children (26%) and young adults (58%) indicate the potential extinction of this lexicon due to the ignorance of the younger generation about the lexicon of medicinal plants (Netra, 2019;Udju & Putrayasa, 2023).

Conclusion and Suggestions
Conclusions related to the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal This research is recommended to integrate traditional knowledge about medicinal plants with modern medical practices.In doing so, it can strengthen the interdisciplinary approach in the understanding of medicinal plants.Therefore, an important issue that also needs attention for similar research is recommended to examine how environmental changes and urbanization can affect the knowledge and use of medicinal plants in society.Is there a change in usage patterns or a shift towards modern medicine preferences.In addition, it is advisable to carry out research that identifies the most common sources of knowledge used by school children and adults in obtaining information about medicinal plants.This can provide insight into how this knowledge is conveyed and shared within the community.
. The data analysis techniques in this study are as follows.(1) Organizing and reducing research data.(2) Analyzing the level of knowledge and use of school-age children's

Table 1 .
Level of Knowledge School-Age

Table 2 .
Level of Knowledge School-Age Speakers

Table 3 .
Level of Knowledge Early AdultBased on the data above, there are variations in the level of understanding and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants in early adulthood(21-45  years).The number of 50 lexicons of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants above, answered with varied answers.Based on the average number of respondents' answers, 58% of respondents who knew and still used the vocabulary, 11% of respondents who knew, but did not use the vocabulary, and 31% did not know and did not use the vocabulary.There are 29 types of medicinal plants that are still known and used in daily conversation among respondents with the age range of early adulthood (21-45 years), namely bawang serati, belimbeng buloh, betek, sukon, cangkok manes, cengkeh, cengkodok, inai, jambuk breteh, jambuk mente, jereng, jintan itam, kangkong malu, kapulage, kembang semangkok, kemangi, kesom, ketipeng, ketumba, kundo, liak mirah, liak puteh, leletop, majekani, lubak/lobak, nangkak belande, patawali, sumet kuceng, dan simpo.Furthermore, there are 21 types of medicinal plants that are categorized as low in the level of knowledge and use, namely ati-

Table 4 .
Level of Knowledge Early Adult Speakers

Table 5 .
Level of Knowledge Older Adult

Table 6 .
Level of Knowledge Older Adult Speakers p-ISSN 2527-5712 ; e-ISSN 2722-2195 DOI : https://doi.org/10.51169/ideguru.v9i2.1019-970 -plants in the Sutera Village community.The following are conclusions based on the results of research data analysis.This study divides the number of respondents into three, namely schoolage children (14-17 years) and adult respondents, namely early adulthood (21-45 years) and advanced adulthood (46 years and over).Based on the results of the analysis regarding the level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants, respondents of advanced adult age (46 years and over) have an average level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants as much as 81.4%, respondents of early adult age (21-45 years) have an average level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants as much as 58%, while respondents of school-age children (14-17 years) have an average level of knowledge and use of Sukadana Malay medicinal plants as much as 26%.This study reveals the lexicon of medicinal plants that developed in the Sukadana Malay Community and differences in knowledge and use among age groups.Differences between age groups and gender can provide further insight into how this knowledge evolved over time and how cultural and educational influences played a role.As a result, efforts are needed to preserve traditional knowledge about the Malay medicinal plants Sukadana as a cultural heritage and a valuable source of knowledge in the health sector.Thus, this research has implications for ethnobotanical and herbal knowledge for the health of the Sukadana Malay Community.